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HOOKAH FORK
8,00
CM
13,66
GRAMME
BRASS
A hookah (hukkā or huqqah[1][2]),
(هوكة),
also known as a waterpipe,[3] narghile, arghila,
or qalyān,
or Shisha (which
refers specifically to Egyptian hookahs) is a single- or
multi-stemmed instrument for vaporizing and smoking flavored tobacco called shisha in
which the vapor or smoke is passed through a water basin (often
glass-based) before inhalation. Depending on the placement of the
coal above the shisha, a hookah can be used to produce smoke by
burning the shisha or used to create water vapor by melting it at a
lower temperature.[4] When
a waterpipe is used to produce smoke (as is common in
the Arab States of the Persian
Gulf),
it is usually referred to as a hookah, which means "jar"
in Arabic.
When the same device is used to vaporize shisha (as is common
in India and
the Levant),
it is usually referred to as a nargile, which means "gourd"
in Sanskrit.
The vapor from a nargile looks similar enough to the smoke from a
hookah as to cause both users and medical professionals to often
confuse the two. The origin of the waterpipe is around the area
which includes India,[5][6][7][8] and Persia,[7][9][10][11] or
at a transition point between the two. The word hookah is a
derivative of "huqqa", which is what the Arabs called
it.[12][13] Smoking
the hookah has gained popularity outside of its native region, in
India, Pakistan and the Middle East, and is gaining popularity in
North America, South America, Europe, Australia, Southeast Asia,
Tanzania and South Africa.
Names and
etymology
Narjilah or nargileh (Arabic: نارجيلة
but sometimes
pronounced Argileh or Argilee) is
the name most commonly used in Syria, Armenia, Turkey, Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan,Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine. Nargile derives
from the Persian word nārghile,
meaning coconut, which in turn is from
the Sanskrit word nārikela (नारिकेल),
suggesting that early hookahs were hewn from coconut
shells.[14][15] In Albania, the hookah is called "lula" or
"lulava".
In Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
the Republic of
Macedonia and Bulgaria, na[r]gile (на[р]гиле;
from Persian nargile) is used to refer to the
pipe. Šiša (шиша)
refers to the tobacco that is smoked in it.[citation
needed] The pipes there often have one
or two mouth pieces. The flavored tobacco, created by marinating
cuts of tobacco in a multitude of flavored molasses, is placed
above the water and covered by pierced foil with hot coals placed
on top, and the smoke is drawn through cold water to cool and
filter it.
"Narguile",[16] is
the common word in Spain used to refer to the pipe, although
"cachimba"[17] is
also used, along with "shisha" by Moroccan immigrants in
Spain.
Sheesha (شيشة),
from the Persian word shīshe (شیشه),
meaning glass, is the common term for the hookah in Egypt, Sudan and countries of the Arab
Peninsula (including Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar,Oman, UAE, Yemen and Saudi Arabia), and in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Somalia.[citation
needed]
In Iran, hookah is called "Qalyān" (Persian:Qalyān). Persian qalyan
is included in the earliest European compendium on tobacco,
the tobacolgia written by Johan Neander and
published in Dutch in 1622. It seems that over time water pipes
acquired an Iranian connotation as in eighteenth-century Egypt the
most fashionable pipes were called Karim
Khan after the Iranian ruler of the day.[18] This
is also the name used in Ukraine, Russia and Belarus.[citation
needed]
In Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, a hookah is
called chillim.[19]
In India and Pakistan the name most
similar to the English hookah is
used: huqqa (हुक़्क़ा
/حقّہ).[20]
In Maldives, hookah is called
"Gudugudaa".[21]
In Philippines, hookah is called "Hitboo" and
normally used in smoking flavored marijuana.[22] The
hookah pipe is also known as the "Marra pipe" in the UK, especially
in the North East, where it is used for recreational
purposes.[citation
needed]
The widespread use of the Indian word "hookah" in the
English language is a result of the British Raj, the British dominion of India
(1858–1947), when large numbers of expatriate Britons first
sampled the water pipe. William Hickey, shortly
after arriving in Kolkata, India, in 1775, wrote in
his Memoirs:
-
-
The most highly-dressed and splendid
hookah was prepared for me. I tried it, but did not like it. As
after several trials I still found it disagreeable, I with much
gravity requested to know whether it was indispensably necessary
that I should become a smoker, which was answered with equal
gravity, "Undoubtedly it is, for you might as well be out of the
world as out of the fashion. Here everybody uses a hookah, and it
is impossible to get on without ...[I] have frequently heard men
declare they would much rather be deprived of their dinner than
their hookah.[23]
-
-
History
According to Cyril Elgood (PP.41, 110) in India the physician Irfan
Shaikh, at the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar I (1542 - 1605 AD) invented the
idea.[24][25][26][27] However,
a quatrain of Ahlī Shirazi (d. 1535), a Persian poet, refers
to the use of the ḡalyān (Falsafī, II, p. 277;
Semsār, 1963, p. 15), thus dating its use at least as
early as the time of the Shah Ṭahmāsp I. It seems, therefore,
that Abu’l-Fath Gilani should be credited with the
introduction of the ḡalyān, already in use in Persia,
into India.[24] There
is, however, no evidence of the existence of the water pipe until
the 1560s. Moreover, tobacco is believed to have reached Persia
around 1600, so that suggests another substance was probably smoked
in Ahlī Shirazi´s quatrain, perhaps through some other
method.[28]
Following the European introduction of tobacco to Persia and India, Hakim
Abu’l-Fath Gilani, who came from Gilan, a province in the north
of Iran, migrated to Hamarastan.[29] He
later became a physician in the Mughal court and raised health
concerns after smoking tobacco became popular among Indian
noblemen.[30] He
subsequently envisaged a system which allowed smoke to be passed
through water in order to be ´purified´.[25] Gilani
introduced the ḡalyān after Asad Beg,
the ambassador of Bijapur, encouraged Akbar I to take up
smoking.[25] Following
popularity among noblemen, this new device for smoking soon became
a status symbol for the Indian aristocracy and gentry.[25][27]
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